Toroidal Quadrupole Form Factor of the Deuteron

TL;DR

This paper calculates the toroidal quadrupole form factor of the deuteron considering various sources of time-reversal and parity violation within a chiral effective field theory framework, including Standard Model and beyond Standard Model effects.

Contribution

It provides the first leading-order calculation of the deuteron's toroidal quadrupole form factor incorporating multiple sources of T and P violation.

Findings

Quantifies the deuteron's toroidal quadrupole moment due to different T and P violating sources.

Establishes a theoretical framework connecting QCD vacuum angle, weak interactions, and beyond Standard Model operators.

Offers predictions relevant for experimental searches of T and P violation in nuclear systems.

Abstract

We calculate the toroidal quadrupole moment and form factor of the deuteron, which violate time-reversal symmetry but conserve parity, at leading order in two-flavor chiral effective field theory with perturbative pion exchange. We take into account time-reversal and parity violation due to the QCD vacuum angle combined with parity violation resulting from the weak interaction in the Standard Model. We also consider time-reversal and parity violation that at the quark-gluon level results from effective dimension-six operators originating from physics beyond the Standard Model.