A Study of Dirac Fermionic Dark Matters

TL;DR

This paper investigates Dirac fermionic dark matter candidates with weak interactions, analyzing their properties, annihilation processes, and constraints from experiments, proposing models that satisfy relic density and direct search bounds.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of pure weak eigenstate Dirac fermionic dark matter, exploring their interactions, annihilation channels, and experimental constraints, including the role of mediators and Sommerfeld enhancement.

Findings

Large annihilation cross sections for certain weak isospin states.

Mass bounds for dark matter particles are established.

Resonant enhancement is necessary for relic density and experimental constraints.

Abstract

We study pure weak eigenstate Dirac fermionic dark matters (DM). We consider WIMP with renormalizable interaction. According to results of direct searches and the nature of DM (electrical neutral and being a pure weak eigenstate), the quantum number of DM is determined to be $I_3=Y=0$. There are only two possible cases: either DM has non-vanishing weak isospin ($I\neq 0$) or it is an isosinglet (I=0). In the first case, the Sommerfeld enhancement is sizable for large $I$, producing large $\chi^0\bar{\chi^0}\to VV$ rates. In particular, we obtain large $\chi\bar\chi\to W^+ W^-$ cross section, which is comparable to the latest bounds from indirect searches and $m_\chi$ is constrained to be larger than few hundred GeV to few TeV. It is possible to give correct relic density with $m_\chi$ higher than these lower bounds. In the second case, to couple DM to standard model (SM) particles, a SM-singlet vector mediator $X$ is required from renormalizability and the SM gauge quantum numbers. To satisfy the latest bounds of direct searches and to reproduce the DM relic density at the same time, resonant enhancement in DM annihilation diagram is needed. Thus, the masses of DM and the mediator are related. Furthermore, this model is not sufficient to explain the deviation in muon $g-2$.