Constraining the Minimum Luminosity of High Redshift Galaxies through Gravitational Lensing

TL;DR

This study uses gravitational lensing simulations to assess how lensing can help detect and constrain the faint-end luminosity cutoff of high-redshift galaxies with upcoming telescopes like JWST.

Contribution

It demonstrates that gravitational lensing enhances detection of very high redshift galaxies and improves constraints on their faint luminosity limits.

Findings

Lensing increases galaxy counts at z >= 13 by factors of 3 and 1.5 in specific surveys.

Lensing can help infer the faint-end cutoff magnitude of the luminosity function.

Even with negative magnification bias, lensing improves sensitivity to the luminosity cutoff.

Abstract

We simulate the effects of gravitational lensing on the source count of high redshift galaxies as projected to be observed by the Hubble Frontier Fields program and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in the near future. Taking the mass density profile of the lensing object to be the singular isothermal sphere (SIS) or the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile, we model a lens residing at a redshift of z_L = 0.5 and explore the radial dependence of the resulting magnification bias and its variability with the velocity dispersion of the lens, the photometric sensitivity of the instrument, the redshift of the background source population, and the intrinsic maximum absolute magnitude (M_{max}) of the sources. We find that gravitational lensing enhances the number of galaxies with redshifts z >= 13 detected in the angular region \theta_E/2 <= \theta <= 2\theta_E (where \theta_E is the Einstein angle) by a factor of ~ 3 and 1.5 in the HUDF (df/d\nu_0 ~ 9 nJy) and medium-deep JWST surveys (df/d\nu_0 ~ 6 nJy). Furthermore, we find that even in cases where a negative magnification bias reduces the observed number count of background sources, the lensing effect improves the sensitivity of the count to the intrinsic faint-magnitude cut-off of the Schechter luminosity function. In a field centered on a strong lensing cluster, observations of z >= 6 and z >= 13 galaxies with JWST can be used to infer this cut-off magnitude for values as faint as M_{max} ~ -14.4 and -16.1 mag (L_{min} ~ 2.5*10^{26} and 1.2*10^{27} erg s^{-1} Hz^{-1}) respectively, within the range bracketed by existing theoretical models. Gravitational lensing may therefore offer an effective way of constraining the low-luminosity cut-off of high-redshift galaxies.