Dilepton creation based on an analytic hydrodynamic solution

TL;DR

This paper presents an exact 1+3D analytic hydrodynamic model to calculate dilepton production in heavy ion collisions, linking the medium's evolution to observable dilepton spectra and comparing with experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analytic solution of relativistic hydrodynamics for dilepton production, enabling detailed analysis of time evolution effects on observables.

Findings

Dilepton spectra depend on emission duration and equation of state.

Model parameters are consistent with previous photon and hadron data.

Analytic solution accurately reproduces experimental dilepton measurements.

Abstract

High-energy collisions of various nuclei, so called ``Little Bangs'' are observed at various experiments of heavy ion colliders. The time evolution of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma created in heavy ion collisions can be described by hydrodynamical models. After expansion and cooling, the hadrons are created in a freeze-out. Their distribution describes the final state of this medium. To investigate the time evolution one needs to analyze penetrating probes, such as direct photon or dilepton observables, as these particles are created throughout the evolution of the medium. In this paper we analyze an 1+3 dimensional analytic solution of relativistic hydrodynamics, and we calculate dilepton transverse momentum and invariant mass distributions. We investigate the dependence of dilepton production on time evolution parameters, such as emission duration and equation of state. Using parameters from earlier fits of this model to photon and hadron spectra, we compare our calculations to measurements as well. The most important feature of this work is that dilepton observables are calculated from an exact, analytic, 1+3D solution of relativistic hydrodynamics that is also compatible with hadronic and direct photon observables.