Time-resolved magnetic sensing with electronic spins in diamond

TL;DR

This paper introduces a Walsh sequence-based method for reconstructing time-varying magnetic fields using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, enabling high-resolution, time-resolved magnetic sensing at the nanoscale.

Contribution

It presents a novel coherent acquisition technique employing Walsh sequences to accurately reconstruct dynamic magnetic fields with enhanced sensitivity.

Findings

Successfully reconstructed magnetic fields from a neuron model

Demonstrated improved sensitivity over existing methods

Enabled time-resolved magnetic sensing at the nanometer scale

Abstract

Quantum probes can measure time-varying fields with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, enabling the study of biological, material, and physical phenomena at the nanometer scale. In particular, nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have recently emerged as promising sensors of magnetic and electric fields. Although coherent control techniques have measured the amplitude of constant or oscillating fields, these techniques are not suitable for measuring time-varying fields with unknown dynamics. Here we introduce a coherent acquisition method to accurately reconstruct the temporal profile of time-varying fields using Walsh sequences. These decoupling sequences act as digital filters that efficiently extract spectral coefficients while suppressing decoherence, thus providing improved sensitivity over existing strategies. We experimentally reconstruct the magnetic field radiated by a physical model of a neuron using a single electronic spin in diamond and discuss practical applications. These results will be useful to implement time-resolved magnetic sensing with quantum probes at the nanometer scale.