Three-dimensional imaging of cavity vacuum with single atoms localized by a nanohole array

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates 3D imaging of vacuum fluctuations in a high-Q cavity using a single atom localized by a nanohole array, revealing detailed vacuum field structures at the nanoscale.

Contribution

It introduces a method for 3D imaging of cavity vacuum fields with single-atom localization using a nanohole array, advancing cavity QED techniques.

Findings

Reconstructed the 3D structure of cavity vacuum fluctuations.

Measured vacuum field amplitude at the antinode as 0.92±0.07 V/cm.

Achieved sub-wavelength imaging of vacuum fields using a single atom.

Abstract

Zero-point electromagnetic fields were first introduced to explain the origin of atomic spontaneous emission. Vacuum fluctuations associated with the zero-point energy in cavities are now utilized in quantum devices such as single-photon sources, quantum memories, switches and network nodes. Here we present three-dimensional (3D) imaging of vacuum fluctuations in a high-Q cavity based on the measurement of position-dependent emission of single atoms. Atomic position localization is achieved by using a nanoscale atomic beam aperture scannable in front of the cavity mode. The 3D structure of the cavity vacuum is reconstructed from the cavity output. The root mean squared amplitude of the vacuum field at the antinode is also measured to be 0.92+-0.07V/cm. The present work utilizing a single atom as a probe for sub-wavelength imaging demonstrates the utility of nanometre-scale technology in cavity quantum electrodynamics.