A basic class of symmetric orthogonal polynomials using the extended Sturm-Liouville theorem for symmetric functions

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new basic class of symmetric orthogonal polynomials derived via the extended Sturm-Liouville theorem, detailing their properties and connections to known polynomial sequences.

Contribution

It presents a novel class of symmetric orthogonal polynomials with four parameters, including their differential equations, orthogonality, and recurrence relations, unifying several known polynomial families.

Findings

Derived a generic second order differential equation for the class

Established orthogonality relations and recurrence formulas

Connected the class to generalized ultraspherical and Hermite polynomials

Abstract

In this research, by applying the extended Sturm-Liouville theorem for symmetric functions, a basic class of symmetric orthogonal polynomials (BCSOP) with four free parameters is introduced and all its standard properties, such as a generic second order differential equation along with its explicit polynomial solution, a generic orthogonality relation, a generic three term recurrence relation and so on, are presented. Then, it is shown that four main sequences of symmetric orthogonal polynomials can essentially be extracted from the introduced class. They are respectively the generalized ultraspherical polynomials, generalized Hermite polynomials and two other sequences of symmetric polynomials, which are finitely orthogonal on (-inf,inf) and can be expressed in terms of the mentioned class directly. In this way, two half-trigonometric sequences of orthogonal polynomials, as special sub-cases of BCSOP, are also introduced.