Enhanced Schwinger's pair production in many-center systems

TL;DR

This paper investigates how multiple nuclei in a constant electric field can significantly enhance electron-positron pair production, revealing two regimes of enhancement related to interatomic distance and resonance crossing.

Contribution

It introduces a simple one-dimensional model and a numerical method to evaluate pair production rates in many-center systems, demonstrating substantial enhancement over Schwinger's original result.

Findings

Pair production rate can be increased by several orders of magnitude.

Two distinct regimes of enhancement are identified: small and large interatomic distances.

Resonant mechanisms significantly boost pair production in many-center systems.

Abstract

Electron-positron pair production is considered for many-center systems with multiple bare nuclei immersed in a constant electric field. It is shown that there are two distinct regimes where the pair production rate is enhanced. At small interatomic distance, the effective charge of the nuclei approaches the critical charge where the ground state dives into the negative continuum. This facilitates the transition from the negative to the positive energy states, which in turns, increases the pair production rate. At larger atomic distance, the enhancement is due to the crossing of resonances and the pair production proceeds by the Resonantly Enhanced Pair Production (REPP) mechanism. These processes are studied within a simple one-dimensional model. A numerical method is developed to evaluate the transmission coefficient in relativistic quantum mechanics, which is required in the calculation of the pair production rate. The latter is evaluated for systems with many (up to five) nuclei. It is shown that the production rate for many-center systems can reach a few orders of magnitude above Schwinger's tunnelling result in a static field.