Coulomb corrections to density and temperature in heavy ion collisions

TL;DR

This paper refines a method for analyzing heavy ion collisions by incorporating Coulomb field effects, leading to more accurate temperature and density measurements for protons and neutrons.

Contribution

It introduces a Coulomb correction to the fluctuation-based method for determining temperature and density in heavy ion collisions, applicable in classical and quantum regimes.

Findings

Coulomb correction aligns proton and neutron temperature estimates.

Densities are unaffected by Coulomb corrections.

Classical and quantum limits are discussed.

Abstract

A recently proposed method, based on quadrupole and multiplicity fluctuations in heavy ion collisions, is modified in order to take into account distortions due to the Coulomb field. The classical and quantum limits for fermions are discussed. In the classical case we find that the temperature determined from ${}^3He$ and ${}^3H$, after the Coulomb correction, are very similar to those obtained from neutrons within the Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) approach. In the quantum case, the proton temperature becomes very similar to neutron's, while densities are not sensitive to the Coulomb corrections.