Can observed randomness be certified to be fully intrinsic?

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates quantum processes where all observed randomness is proven to be fully intrinsic, under minimal assumptions, and shows how increasing parties can amplify randomness to near perfection.

Contribution

It introduces quantum processes that certify intrinsic randomness without relying on strong assumptions, advancing randomness certification methods.

Findings

All observed randomness can be fully intrinsic in certain quantum processes.

Increasing the number of parties enhances the randomness to near-perfect levels.

Provides explicit processes for full randomness amplification.

Abstract

Randomness comes in two qualitatively different forms. Apparent randomness can result both from ignorance or lack of control of degrees of freedom in the system. In contrast, intrinsic randomness should not be ascribable to any such cause. While classical systems only possess the first kind of randomness, quantum systems are believed to exhibit some intrinsic randomness. In general, any observed random process includes both forms of randomness. In this work, we provide quantum processes in which all the observed randomness is fully intrinsic. These results are derived under minimal assumptions: the validity of the no-signalling principle and an arbitrary (but not absolute) lack of freedom of choice. The observed randomness tends to a perfect random bit when increasing the number of parties, thus defining an explicit process attaining full randomness amplification.