The formation of disc galaxies in high resolution moving-mesh cosmological simulations

TL;DR

This paper presents high-resolution cosmological simulations of Milky Way-sized galaxies using the moving-mesh code AREPO, successfully producing realistic disc galaxies with properties matching observations, and demonstrating resolution independence.

Contribution

First application of the AREPO moving-mesh code to galaxy formation in zoom simulations, achieving realistic disc galaxies without resolution-dependent feedback adjustments.

Findings

Most simulated galaxies are strongly disc-dominated with realistic rotation curves.

Simulations show no dark matter core formation despite baryonic feedback.

Galaxy properties remain consistent across a 64-fold resolution range.

Abstract

We present cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of eight Milky Way-sized haloes that have been previously studied with dark matter only in the Aquarius project. For the first time, we employ the moving-mesh code AREPO in zoom simulations combined with a comprehensive model for galaxy formation physics designed for large0 cosmological simulations. Our simulations form in most of the eight haloes strongly disc-dominated systems with realistic rotation curves, close to exponential surface density profiles, a stellar-mass to halo-mass ratio that matches expectations from abundance matching techniques, and galaxy sizes and ages consistent with expectations from large galaxy surveys in the local Universe. There is no evidence for any dark matter core formation in our simulations, even so they include repeated baryonic outflows by supernova-driven winds and black hole quasar feedback. For one of our haloes, the object studied in the recent `Aquila' code comparison project, we carried out a resolution study with our techniques, covering a dynamic range of 64 in mass resolution. Without any change in our feedback parameters, the final galaxy properties are reassuringly similar, in contrast to other modelling techniques used in the field that are inherently resolution dependent. This success in producing realistic disc galaxies is reached, in the context of our interstellar medium treatment, without resorting to a high density threshold for star formation, a low star formation efficiency, or early stellar feedback, factors deemed crucial for disc formation by other recent numerical studies.