Hadronic-Origin orphan TeV flare from the 1ES 1959+650

TL;DR

This paper explains the orphan TeV flare from blazar 1ES 1959+650 using a hadronic model involving proton interactions, challenging leptonic models and predicting associated neutrino flux.

Contribution

It introduces a hadronic model for orphan TeV flares, proposing proton-photon interactions as the source of high-energy emission in blazars.

Findings

The model successfully explains the observed TeV flux.

It predicts a significant high-energy neutrino flux.

Challenges the leptonic SSC model for orphan flares.

Abstract

The 1ES 1959+650 is a high-peaked BL Lacertae object. On 4th of June, 2002, it exhibited a strong TeV flare without any low energy counterpart, providing for the first time an example of an orphan flare from a blazar. Observation of this orphan flare is in striking disagreement with the predictions of the leptonic models thus challenging the conventional synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) interpretation of the TeV emission. Here we propose that, the low energy tail of the SSC photons in the blazar jet serve as the target for the Fermi-accelerated high energy protons of energy . 100 TeV, within the jet to produce the TeV photons through the decay of neutral pions from the delta resonance. Our model explains very nicely the observed TeV flux from this orphan flare and we also estimate the high energy neutrino flux from this flaring event.