Autonomous Spacecraft Navigation With Pulsars

TL;DR

This paper discusses using pulsars as natural, highly accurate beacons for autonomous deep space navigation, enabling spacecraft to determine their position independently of Earth-based systems.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of pulsar-based navigation, explaining its principles and current development status for future autonomous space exploration.

Findings

Pulsars provide stable, periodic signals suitable for navigation.

Autonomous navigation using pulsars is feasible with current technology.

Potential applications include deep space missions beyond the solar system.

Abstract

An external reference system suitable for deep space navigation can be defined by fast spinning and strongly magnetized neutron stars, called pulsars. Their beamed periodic signals have timing stabilities comparable to atomic clocks and provide characteristic temporal signatures that can be used as natural navigation beacons, quite similar to the use of GPS satellites for navigation on Earth. By comparing pulse arrival times measured on-board a spacecraft with predicted pulse arrivals at a reference location, the spacecraft position can be determined autonomously and with high accuracy everywhere in the solar system and beyond. The unique properties of pulsars make clear already today that such a navigation system will have its application in future astronautics. In this paper we describe the basic principle of spacecraft navigation using pulsars and report on the current development status of this novel technology.