A review of Axion Inflation in the era of Planck

TL;DR

This review discusses axion-based inflation models, emphasizing their theoretical robustness, observational predictions, and constraints from recent Planck data, highlighting the role of shift symmetry and the need for additional symmetries or fine-tuning.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of axion inflation models, analyzing their predictions and constraints in light of recent observational data.

Findings

Axion models predict observable gravitational waves and primordial black holes.

Recent Planck results constrain large-field axion inflation models.

Shift symmetry helps in model building but requires additional mechanisms for small-field inflation.

Abstract

Because the inflationary mechanism is extremely sensitive to UV-physics, the construction of theoretically robust models of inflation provides a unique window on Planck-scale physics. We review efforts to use an axion with a shift symmetry to ensure a prolonged slow-roll background evolution. The symmetry dictates which operators are allowed, and these in turn determine the observational predictions of this class of models, which include observable gravitational waves (potentially chiral), oscillations in all primordial correlators, specific deviations from scale invariance and Gaussianity and primordial black holes. We discuss the constraints on this class of models in light of the recent Planck results and comment on future perspectives. The shift symmetry is very useful in models of large-field inflation, which typically have monomial potentials, but it cannot explain why two or more terms in the potential are fine-tuned against each other, as needed for typical models of small-field inflation. Therefore some additional symmetries or fine-tuning will be needed if forthcoming experiments will constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio to be r < 0.01.