Discovery of 47-s pulsations in the X-ray source 1RXS J225352.8+624354

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of 47-second pulsations in the X-ray source 1RXS J2253, confirming it as a neutron star with a long-term spin-down trend, and characterizes its spectral and optical properties, classifying it as a low-luminosity Be/X-ray pulsar.

Contribution

First detection of pulsations in 1RXS J2253, establishing it as a neutron star in a Be/X-ray binary with detailed spectral and optical characterization.

Findings

Pulsation period of ~47 seconds confirmed.

Long-term spin-down rate of ~17 ms per year observed.

Classified as a low-luminosity Be/X-ray pulsar at 4-5 kpc.

Abstract

We report on the discovery of pulsations at a period of ~47 s in the persistent X-ray source 1RXS J225352.8+624354 (1RXS J2253) using five Chandra observations performed in 2009. The signal was also detected in Swift and ROSAT data, allowing us to infer over a 16-yr baseline an average, long-term period increasing rate of ~17 ms per year and therefore to confirm the signal as the spin period of an accreting, spinning-down neutron star. The pulse profile of 1RXS J2253 (~50-60% pulsed fraction) is complex and energy independent (within the statistical uncertainties). The 1-10 keV Chandra spectra are well fit by an absorbed power-law model with photon index ~1.4 and observed flux of (2-5)e-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1. The source was also detected by INTEGRAL in the 17-60 keV band at a persistent flux of ~6e-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1, implying a spectral cut off around 15 keV. We also carried out optical spectroscopic follow-up observations of the 2MASS counterpart at the Nordic Optical Telescope. This made it possible to first classify the companion of 1RXS J2253 as a B0-1III-Ve (most likely a B1Ve) star at a distance of about 4-5 kpc (favouring an association with the Perseus arm of the Galaxy). The latter finding implies an X-ray luminosity of ~3e34 erg s^-1, suggesting that 1RXS J2253 is a new member of the sub-class of low-luminosity long-orbital-period persistent Be/X-ray pulsars in a wide and circular orbit (such as X Persei).