A low-level accretion flare during the quiescent state of the neutron-star X-ray transient SAX J1750.8-2900

TL;DR

This study reports a low-level accretion flare during the quiescent state of the neutron-star X-ray transient SAX J1750.8-2900, challenging the assumption that quiescence is a completely quiet phase.

Contribution

It provides evidence of a brief accretion flare during quiescence, suggesting residual accretion may occur continuously or episodically in such systems.

Findings

Detected a flare with luminosity (3-4) x 10^34 erg/s

Flare duration was less than 16 days

Quiescent emission may be due to residual accretion or neutron star cooling

Abstract

We report on a series of Swift/XRT observations, performed between February and 22 March 2012, during the quiescent state of the neutron-star X-ray binary SAX J1750.8-2900. In these observations, the source was either just detected or undetected, depending on the exposure length (which ranged from ~0.3 to ~3.8 ks). The upper limits for the non-detections were consistent with the detected luminosities (when fitting a thermal model to the spectrum) of ~1E34 erg/s (0.5-10 keV). This level is consistent with what has been measured previously for this source in quiescence. However, on March 17 the source was found to have an order of magnitude larger count rate. When fitting the flare spectrum with an absorbed power-law model, we obtained a flare luminosity of (3-4) 1E34 erg/s (0.5-10 keV). Follow-up Swift observations showed that this flare lasted <16 days. This event was very likely due to a brief episode of low-level accretion onto the neutron star and provides further evidence that the quiescent state of neutron-star X-ray transients might not be as quiet as is generally assumed. The detection of this low-level accretion flare raises the question whether the quiescent emission of the source (outside the flare) could also be due to residual accretion, albeit continuous instead of episodic. However, we provide arguments which would suggest that the lowest intensity level might instead represent the cooling of the accretion-heated neutron star.