TL;DR
This paper reviews observational surveys of extrasolar planets, highlighting their diverse properties, formation models, and the prevalence of small planets, thereby illustrating the wide range of planetary system architectures.
Contribution
It synthesizes current observational data to support the core accretion model and emphasizes the diversity and commonality of exoplanetary systems compared to our Solar System.
Findings
Small planets are more common than Jupiter-sized ones.
Survey data supports the core accretion formation model.
Most detectable systems have Earth-sized planets close to their stars.
Abstract
Observational surveys for extrasolar planets probe the diverse outcomes of planet formation and evolution. These surveys measure the frequency of planets with different masses, sizes, orbital characteristics, and host star properties. Small planets between the sizes of Earth and Neptune substantially outnumber Jupiter-sized planets. The survey measurements support the core accretion model in which planets form by the accumulation of solids and then gas in protoplanetary disks. The diversity of exoplanetary characteristics demonstrates that most of the gross features of the Solar system are one outcome in a continuum of possibilities. The most common class of planetary system detectable today consists of one or more planets approximately one to three times Earth's size orbiting within a fraction of the Earth-Sun distance.
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