A Self-Gravitating Disc Around L1527 IRS?

TL;DR

This study explores whether the disc around L1527 IRS is self-gravitating by modeling its mass and flux, suggesting it could be massive enough for self-gravity but may have already transitioned out of that phase.

Contribution

The paper introduces simple self-gravitating disc models to interpret observations of L1527 IRS, highlighting the potential for a more massive, self-gravitating disc than previously inferred.

Findings

Disc mass could be underestimated due to optical thickness.

Models show high disc-to-star mass ratios consistent with observations.

Gravitational stresses are insufficient for disc fragmentation.

Abstract

Recent observations of the Class 0 protostar L1527 IRS have revealed a rotationally supported disc with an outer radius of at least 100 au. Measurements of the integrated flux at 870 microns suggest a disc mass that is too low for gravitational instability to govern angular momentum transport. However, if parts of the disc are optically thick at sub-mm wavelengths, the sub-mm fluxes will underestimate the disc mass, and the disc's actual mass may be substantially larger, potentially sufficient to be self-gravitating. We investigate this possibility using simple self-gravitating disc models. To match the observed mass accretion rates requires a disc-to-star mass ratio of at least ~0.5, which produces sub-mm fluxes that are similar to those observed for L1527 IRS in the absence of irradiation from the envelope or central star. If irradiation is significant, then the predicted fluxes exceed the observed fluxes by around an order of magnitude. Our model also indicates that the stresses produced by the gravitational instability are low enough to prevent disc fragmentation. As such, we conclude that observations do not rule out the possibility that the disc around L1527 IRS is self-gravitating, but it is more likely that despite being a very young system, this disc may already have left the self-gravitating phase.