Entanglement entropy in particle decay

TL;DR

This paper investigates how entanglement entropy evolves in particle decay processes, linking quantum information measures with particle physics experiments and providing a method to quantify information loss due to unobserved decay products.

Contribution

It introduces a time-dependent entanglement entropy calculation in particle decay using the Wigner-Weisskopf method, connecting quantum entanglement with experimental decay phenomena.

Findings

Entanglement entropy grows over the parent particle's lifetime.

Maximum entropy corresponds to Bell-like maximally entangled states.

Method applicable to localized wave packet descriptions.

Abstract

The decay of a parent particle into two or more daughter particles results in an entangled quantum state as a consequence of conservation laws in the decay process. Recent experiments at Belle and BaBar take advantage of quantum entanglement and the correlations in the time evolution of the product particles to study CP and T violations. If one (or more) of the product particles are not observed, their degrees of freedom are traced out of the pure state density matrix resulting from the decay, leading to a mixed state density matrix and an entanglement entropy. This entropy is a measure of the loss of information present in the original quantum correlations of the entangled state. We use the Wigner-Weisskopf method to construct an approximation to this state that evolves in time in a {\em manifestly unitary} way. We then obtain the entanglement entropy from the reduced density matrix of one of the daughter particles obtained by tracing out the unobserved states, and follow its time evolution. We find that it grows over a time scale determined by the lifetime of the parent particle to a maximum, which when the width of the parent particle is narrow, describes the phase space distribution of maximally entangled Bell-like states. The method is generalized to the case in which the parent particle is described by a wave packet localized in space. Possible experimental avenues to measure the entanglement entropy in the decay of mesons at rest are discussed.