First observation of PeV-energy neutrinos with IceCube

TL;DR

This paper reports the first detection of PeV-energy neutrinos by IceCube, indicating potential astrophysical sources, with two events observed against a low atmospheric background, marking a significant milestone in neutrino astronomy.

Contribution

First observation of PeV-energy neutrinos with IceCube, providing evidence for astrophysical neutrino flux at the highest energies observed so far.

Findings

Two neutrino-induced events with energies around 1 PeV detected

Observed events are unlikely to be atmospheric background

Results suggest possible astrophysical neutrino sources

Abstract

We report on the observation of two neutrino-induced events which have an estimated deposited energy in the IceCube detector of 1.04 $\pm$ 0.16 and 1.14 $\pm$ 0.17 PeV, respectively, the highest neutrino energies observed so far. These events are consistent with fully contained particle showers induced by neutral-current $\nu_{e,\mu,\tau}$ ($\bar\nu_{e,\mu,\tau}$) or charged-current $\nu_{e}$ ($\bar\nu_{e}$) interactions within the IceCube detector. The events were discovered in a search for ultra-high energy neutrinos using data corresponding to 615.9 days effective livetime. The expected number of atmospheric background is $0.082 \pm 0.004 \text{(stat)}^{+0.041}_{-0.057} \text{(syst)}$. The probability to observe two or more candidate events under the atmospheric background-only hypothesis is $2.9\times10^{-3}$ ($2.8\sigma$) taking into account the uncertainty on the expected number of background events. These two events could be a first indication of an astrophysical neutrino flux, the moderate significance, however, does not permit a definitive conclusion at this time.