VLT-CRIRES Survey of Rovibrational CO Emission from Protoplanetary Disks
Joanna M. Brown, Klaus M. Pontoppidan, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Gregory, J. Herczeg, Geoffrey A. Blake, Alain Smette

TL;DR
This survey of rovibrational CO emission from 69 protoplanetary disks using high-resolution spectroscopy reveals diverse line profiles, indicating complex inner disk gas kinematics, including prevalent disk winds and vibrational excitation linked to accretion.
Contribution
It provides the first comprehensive high-resolution spectral analysis of CO emission in a large sample of protoplanetary disks, highlighting the prevalence of disk winds and vibrational excitation.
Findings
Pure double-peaked profiles are rare, suggesting complex gas dynamics.
Most lines indicate emission from a disk plus a slow molecular wind.
Vibrationally excited emission correlates with accretion luminosity.
Abstract
We present a large, comprehensive survey of rovibrational CO line emission at 4.7 micron from 69 protoplanetary disks, obtained with CRIRES on the ESO Very Large Telescope at the highest available spectral resolving power (R=95,000, v=3.2 km/s). The CO fundamental band (Delta v=1) is a well-known tracer of warm gas in the inner, planet-forming regions of gas-rich disks around young stars, with the lines formed in the super-heated surfaces of the disks at radii of 0.1-10 AU. Our high spectral resolution data provide new insight into the kinematics of the inner disk gas. Pure double-peaked Keplerian profiles are surprisingly uncommon, beyond the frequency expected based on disk inclination. The majority of the profiles are consistent with emission from a disk plus a slow (few km/s) molecular disk wind. This is evidenced by analysis of different categories as well as an overall tendency…
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