Marriage of Electromagnetism and Gravity in Extended Space Model and Astrophysical Phenomena

TL;DR

This paper proposes an extended space model unifying electromagnetism and gravity by adding a fifth coordinate, allowing variable rest mass and new predictions for astrophysical phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a (1+4)-dimensional extension of special relativity that unifies scalar gravity and electromagnetism through a variable rest mass framework.

Findings

Photon can have nonzero mass, positive or negative.

Gravitational effects are derived algebraically via rotations in extended space.

Predicts observable phenomena like supermassive object sizes and star explosions.

Abstract

The generalization of Einstein's special theory of relativity (SRT) is proposed. In this model the possibility of unification of scalar gravity and electromagnetism into a single united field is considered. Formally, the generalization of the SRT is that instead of (1+3)-dimensional Minkowski space the (1+4)-dimensional extension G is considered. As a fifth additional coordinate the interval S is used. This value is saved under the usual Lorentz transformations in Minkowski space M, but it changes when the transformations in the extended space G are used. We call this model the extended space model (ESM). From a physical point of view our expansion means that processes in which the rest mass of the particles changes are acceptable now. If the rest mass of a particle does not change and the physical quantities do not depend on an additional variable S, then the electromagnetic and gravitational fields exist independently of each other. But if the rest mass is variable and there is a dependence on S, then these two fields are combined into a single united field. In the extended space model a photon can have a nonzero mass and this mass can be either positive or negative. The gravitational effects such as the speed of escape, gravitational red shift and deflection of light can be analyzed in the frame of the extended space model. In this model all these gravitational effects can be found algebraically by the rotations in the (1+4) dimensional space. Now it becomes possible to predict some future results of visible size of super massive objects in our Universe due to new stage of experimental astronomy development in the Radio Astron Project and analyze phenomena of the star V838 Monocerotis explosion as possible Local Big Bang (LBB).