Thermodynamics of Strongly Correlated One-Dimensional Bose Gases

TL;DR

This paper explores the thermodynamics of strongly correlated one-dimensional Bose gases using high-resolution imaging and theoretical models to derive thermodynamic properties and equations of state.

Contribution

It introduces a method combining in situ imaging and inverse Abel transformation to accurately measure thermodynamic quantities in 1D Bose gases.

Findings

Accurate thermometry of 1D Bose gases achieved

Derivation of thermodynamic equations of state

Observation of local pair correlations

Abstract

We investigate the thermodynamics of one-dimensional Bose gases in the strongly correlated regime. To this end, we prepare ensembles of independent 1D Bose gases in a two-dimensional optical lattice and perform high-resolution in situ imaging of the column-integrated density distribution. Using an inverse Abel transformation we derive effective one-dimensional line-density profiles and compare them to exact theoretical models. The high resolution allows for a direct thermometry of the trapped ensembles. The knowledge about the temperature enables us to extract thermodynamic equations of state such as the phase-space density, the entropy per particle and the local pair correlation function.