Vortex lattices in three-component Bose-Einstein condensates under rotation: simulating colorful vortex lattices in a color superconductor

TL;DR

This paper investigates vortex lattice structures in three-component Bose-Einstein condensates under rotation, revealing the formation of colorful triangular vortex lattices and phase separation phenomena depending on intercomponent interactions.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of colorful vortex lattices in three-component BECs and analyzes their formation and properties across different interaction regimes.

Findings

Triangular colorful vortex lattices form when inter- and intra-component couplings satisfy g' < g.

Phase separation occurs when g > g', with ghost vortices in the absent components.

At the boundary g = g', an accidental U(3) symmetry leads to close vortex pairs across components.

Abstract

We study vortex lattices in three-component BECs under rotation, where three kinds of fractional vortices winding one of three components are present. Unlike the cases of two-component BECs where the phases of square and triangular lattices are present depending on the intercomponent coupling constant and the rotation speed, we find triangular ordered "colorful" vortex lattices where three kind of fractional vortices are placed in order without defects, in all parameter region where the inter-component coupling g' is less than the intra-component coupling g. When g > g' on the other hand, we find the phase separation; In a region where one component is present, the other two components must vanish, where we find ghost vortices in these two components whose positions are separated. In the boundary g = g', the accidental U(3) symmetry is present, in which case two vortices in different components are close to each other in some regions.