The metallicity evolution of low mass galaxies: New constraints at intermediate redshift

TL;DR

This study measures the metallicity evolution of low-mass galaxies at intermediate redshift, revealing significant evolution and supporting models with outflows, especially momentum-driven winds, while highlighting some discrepancies in star formation predictions.

Contribution

First measurement of the intermediate redshift mass-metallicity relation below 10^9 M_sun, extending understanding of galaxy evolution at low masses.

Findings

Metallicity decreases by 0.12 dex at intermediate redshift compared to local universe.

Galaxies follow the local fundamental metallicity relation with specific SFRs.

Momentum-driven wind models fit the MZ relation but underpredict star formation in low-mass galaxies.

Abstract

We present abundance measurements from 26 emission-line selected galaxies at z~0.6-0.7. By reaching stellar masses as low as 10^8 M_{\sun}, these observations provide the first measurement of the intermediate redshift mass-metallicity (MZ) relation below 10^9 M_{\sun} For the portion of our sample above M > 10^9 M_{\sun} (8/26 galaxies), we find good agreement with previous measurements of the intermediate redshift MZ relation. Compared to the local relation, we measure an evolution that corresponds to a 0.12 dex decrease in oxygen abundances at intermediate redshifts. This result confirms the trend that metallicity evolution becomes more significant towards lower stellar masses, in keeping with a downsizing scenario where low mass galaxies evolve onto the local MZ relation at later cosmic times. We show that these galaxies follow the local fundamental metallicity relation, where objects with higher specific (mass-normalized) star formation rates (SFRs) have lower metallicities. Furthermore, we show that the galaxies in our sample lie on an extrapolation of the SFR-M_{*} relation (the star-forming main sequence). Leveraging the MZ relation and star-forming main sequence (and combining our data with higher mass measurements from the literature), we test models that assume an equilibrium between mass inflow, outflow and star formation. We find that outflows are required to describe the data. By comparing different outflow prescriptions, we show that momentum driven winds can describe the MZ relation; however, this model under-predicts the amount of star formation in low mass galaxies. This disagreement may indicate that preventive feedback from gas-heating has been overestimated, or it may signify a more fundamental deviation from the equilibrium assumption.