Coherent and incoherent processes responsible for various characteristics of nonlinear magneto-optical signals in rubidium atoms

TL;DR

This study investigates the physical processes affecting nonlinear magneto-optical signals in rubidium atoms across various magnetic field strengths, using a theoretical model validated by experimental data to distinguish the roles of ground and excited state coherences and atomic velocity groups.

Contribution

The paper introduces a comprehensive theoretical model that accurately describes nonlinear magneto-optical signals in rubidium, clarifying the roles of different physical effects at various magnetic field scales.

Findings

Narrow structures (~100 mG) are mainly due to ground-state coherences.

Shape variations are influenced by atomic velocity groups resonant with the laser.

Excited state coherences affect polarization components of fluorescence.

Abstract

We present the results of an investigation of the different physical processes that influence the shape of the nonlinear magneto-optical signals both at small magnetic field values (~ 100 mG) and at large magnetic field values (several tens of Gauss). We used a theoretical model that provided an accurate description of experimental signals for a wide range of experimental parameters. By turning various effects "on" or "off" inside this model, we investigated the origin of different features of the measured signals. We confirmed that the narrowest structures, with widths on the order of 100 mG, are related mostly to coherences among ground-state magnetic sublevels. The shape of the curves at other scales could be explained by taking into account the different velocity groups of atoms that come into and out of resonance with the exciting laser field. Coherent effects in the excited state can also play a role, although they mostly affect the polarization components of the fluorescence. The results of theoretical calculations are compared with experimental measurements of laser induced fluorescence from the D2 line of atomic rubidium as a function of magnetic field.