A Two-Dimensional Approach to Evaluate the Scientific Production of Countries (Case Study: The Basic Sciences)

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new two-dimensional evaluation method for assessing the scientific output of countries in basic sciences, combining quantity and quality metrics to provide a comprehensive ranking.

Contribution

A novel two-dimensional approach inspired by the H-index is proposed to evaluate and cluster countries based on their scientific production in basic sciences.

Findings

Countries are clustered into three groups based on their scientific output.

The method offers a new perspective on global scientific standings.

The approach is applied to data from 1996-2007 for the top 50 countries.

Abstract

The quantity and quality of scientific output of the topmost 50 countries in the four basic sciences (agricultural and biological sciences, chemistry, mathematics, and physics and astronomy) are studied in the period of the recent 12 years (1996-2007). In order to rank the countries, a novel two-dimensional method is proposed, which is inspired by the H-index and other methods based on quality and quantity measures. The countries data are represented in a "quantity-quality diagram", and partitioned by a conventional statistical algorithm (k-means), into three clusters, members of which are rather the same in all of the basic sciences. The results offer a new perspective on the global positions of countries with regards to their scientific output.