Two-dimensional simulations of temperature and current-density distribution in electromigrated structures

TL;DR

This paper explores how feedback-controlled electromigration, combined with numerical modeling, can precisely create nanometer-sized gaps in gold nanostructures by understanding the effects of current density and temperature.

Contribution

It introduces a numerical method to optimize device layout for controlled gap formation during electromigration, supported by experimental validation.

Findings

Good thermal coupling is essential for sub-10 nm gaps.

Numerical calculations match experimental results.

Layout optimization can predefine gap formation location.

Abstract

We report on the application of a feedback-controlled electromigration technique for the formation of nanometer-sized gaps in mesoscopic gold wires and rings. The effect of current density and temperature, linked via Joule heating, on the resulting gap size is investigated. Experimentally, a good thermal coupling to the substrate turned out to be crucial to reach electrode spacings below 10 nm and to avoid overall melting of the nanostructures. This finding is supported by numerical calculations of the current-density and temperature profiles for structure layouts subjected to electromigration. The numerical method can be used for optimizing the layout so as to predetermine the location where electromigation leads to the formation of a gap.