Sequential quantum-enhanced measurement with an atomic ensemble

TL;DR

This paper introduces a quantum-enhanced iterative measurement scheme using atomic ensembles that approaches the Heisenberg limit, significantly improving precision over classical methods through collective manipulation inspired by Kitaev's algorithm.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel iterative quantum measurement protocol based on atomic ensembles that asymptotically reaches the Heisenberg limit, surpassing shot-noise limitations.

Findings

Achieves Heisenberg-limited precision scaling with quantum resources.

Demonstrates a practical implementation using atomic clouds for magnetic field measurement.

Provides a protocol inspired by Kitaev's phase estimation algorithm.

Abstract

We propose a quantum-enhanced iterative (with $K$ steps) measurement scheme based on an ensemble of $N$ two-level probes which asymptotically approaches the Heisenberg limit $\delta_K \propto R^{-K/(K+1)}$, $R$ the number of quantum resources. The protocol is inspired by Kitaev's phase estimation algorithm and involves only collective manipulation and measurement of the ensemble. The iterative procedure takes the shot-noise limited primary measurement with precision $\delta_1\propto N^{-1/2}$ to increasingly precise results $\delta_K\propto N^{-K/2}$. A straightforward implementation of the algorithm makes use of a two-component atomic cloud of Bosons in the precision measurement of a magnetic field.