Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: II. Particle Production

TL;DR

This study compares particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions using different equations of state, finding that deconfinement-transition models better match experimental data than purely hadronic models, but all struggle with certain anomalies.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of particle yields across energies using three-fluid models with varied equations of state, highlighting the advantages of deconfinement-transition scenarios.

Findings

Hadronic models fail to reproduce antibaryon yields above 5 GeV.

Deconfinement-transition models align better with experimental data.

All models struggle with the strangeness enhancement near 30A GeV.

Abstract

Particle production in relativistic collisions of heavy nuclei is analyzed in a wide range of incident energies 2.7 GeV $\le \sqrt{s_{NN}}\le$ 62.4 GeV. The analysis is performed within the three-fluid model employing three different equations of state (EoS): a purely hadronic EoS, an EoS with the first-order phase transition and that with a smooth crossover transition. It is found that the hadronic scenario fails to reproduce experimental yields of antibaryons (strange and nonstrange), starting already from lower SPS energies, i.e. $\sqrt{s_{NN}}>$ 5 GeV. Moreover, at energies above the top SPS one, i.e. $\sqrt{s_{NN}}>$ 17.4 GeV, the mid-rapidity densities predicted by the hadronic scenario considerably exceed the available RHIC data on all species. At the same time the deconfinement-transition scenarios reasonably agree (to a various extent) with all the data. The present analysis demonstrates certain advantage of the deconfinement-transition EoS's. However, all scenarios fail to reproduce the strangeness enhancement in the incident energy range near 30A GeV (i.e. a horn anomaly in the $K^+/\pi^+$ ratio) and yields of $\phi$-mesons at 20A--40A GeV.