On negative mass

TL;DR

This paper explores negative mass solutions in Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime, showing they can be physically reasonable, non-singular, and may result from quantum tunneling, challenging traditional views on negative mass.

Contribution

It demonstrates the existence of physically acceptable negative mass bubbles within Schwarzschild-de Sitter geometry satisfying energy conditions.

Findings

Negative mass bubbles can be non-singular and physically reasonable.

Such bubbles satisfy the dominant energy condition everywhere.

They may arise as end states of quantum tunneling transitions.

Abstract

The Schwarzschild solution to the matter free, spherically symmetric Einstein equations has one free parameter, the mass. But the mass can be of any sign. What is the meaning of the negative mass solutions? The answer to this question for the case of a pure Schwarzschild negative mass black solution is still elusive, however, in this essay, we will consider negative mass solutions within a Schwarzschild-de Sitter geometry. We show that there exist reasonable configurations of matter, bubbles of distributions of matter, that satisfy the dominant energy condition everywhere, that are non-singular and well behaved everywhere, but correspond to the negative mass Schwarzschild-de Sitter geometry outside the matter distribution. These negative mass bubbles could occur as the end state of a quantum tunnelling transition.