Universal Democracy Instead of Anarchy

TL;DR

This paper introduces the principle of Universal Democracy (UD) based on a $Z_3$ symmetry to explain flavor structures in quark and lepton sectors, accounting for observed mixing patterns and recent experimental results.

Contribution

It proposes a unified framework using UD to explain small quark mixing and large lepton mixing, including recent measurements of $U_{e3}$, with specific predictions for mixing angles.

Findings

UD explains small quark mixing and flavor alignment.

UD accounts for large lepton mixing and recent $U_{e3}$ measurements.

Predicts $ heta_{23}$ angle around 0.42 in agreement with experiments.

Abstract

We propose for the flavour structure of both the quark and lepton sectors, the principle of Universal Democracy (UD), which reflects the presence of a $Z_3$ symmetry. In the quark sector, we emphasize the importance of UD for obtaining small mixing and flavour alignment, while in the lepton sector, large mixing, including the recently measured value of $U_{e3}$, is obtained in the UD framework through the seesaw mechanism. An interesting correlation between the values of $U_{e3}$ and $\sin^2(\theta_{23})$ is pointed out, with the prediction of $\sin^2(\theta_{23})\approx 0.42$ in the region where $U_{e3}$ is in agreement with the DAYA-BAY experiment.