The global solar magnetic field -- identification of travelling, long-lived ripples

TL;DR

This study analyzes the global solar magnetic field using spectral data, revealing the presence of small-amplitude, semi-regular ripples that drift across latitudes over approximately two years, challenging simple advection models.

Contribution

The paper introduces a refined method for analyzing the solar magnetic field and identifies long-lived, drifting ripples with semi-regular periodicity, providing new insights into solar magnetic dynamics.

Findings

Detected coherent magnetic ripples with 3-5 gauss amplitude.

Observed ripples drift from equator to poles over ~2 years.

Identified that ripple drift patterns are incompatible with simple advection.

Abstract

We have examined the global structure of the solar magnetic field using data from the FeI spectral line at {\lambda}5250.2{\AA} obtained at the 150-foot tower telescope at the Mt. Wilson Observatory (MWO). For each point on the solar surface, we find the value of the magnetic field in the meridional plane, Bm, by averaging over all available observations using a cosine weighting method. We have revised our cosine weighting method by now taking into account more fully the highest latitude geometry. We use the annual variation in the latitude of the disk center, b0, to deduce the tilt angle of the field relative to the local vertical so that we can find the radial component of the field, Br from Bm. We find this tilt angle to be small except for a near-polar zone where a tilt-angle model can reduce the annual variation. The reduced annual variation in the deduced Br allows us to study dBr/dt and associated deviations in Br from a smoothed Br with a smoothing width of 2.5 years. These functions make evident the presence of small amplitude (3 to 5 gauss) but spatially coherent ripples with a semi-regular periodicity of 1 to 3 years. At any given time the half-wavelength (peak-to-trough) is between 15 and 30 degrees of latitude. These patterns are ubiquitous and in many cases drift from near the equator to the poles over a time period of roughly 2 years. The drift rate pattern is not compatible with simple advection.