Fluctuation-Electromagnetic Interaction of Rotating Neutral Particle with the Surface: Relativistic Theory

TL;DR

This paper develops a relativistic theory to analyze the fluctuation-electromagnetic interactions, including forces, friction, and heating, of a rotating neutral particle near a surface with arbitrary properties.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive relativistic framework for calculating electromagnetic interactions of rotating particles near surfaces with diverse material characteristics.

Findings

Calculated retarded attraction force

Determined frictional moment

Estimated heating rate of the particle

Abstract

Based on the fluctuation-electromagnetic theory, we have calculated the retarded force of attraction, frictional moment and heating rate of a neutral particle rotating near a polarizable surface. The particle and surface are characterized by arbitrary material properties and temperatures. The surface is assumed to be in thermal equilibrium with vacuum environment.