The excitation of rogue waves in a variable medium: an experimental study on the interaction of water waves and currents

TL;DR

This study experimentally demonstrates that water waves propagating into regions with opposing currents can become modulationally unstable, leading to rogue wave formation, supporting recent theoretical predictions about current-induced instabilities.

Contribution

First experimental validation of current-modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation predicting rogue wave generation in variable currents.

Findings

Opposing currents induce modulational instability in water waves.

Rogue waves can be triggered by non-homogeneous currents with negative velocity gradients.

Experimental results align with recent theoretical models.

Abstract

We show experimentally that a stable wave propagating into a region characterized by an opposite current may become modulationaly unstable. Experiments have been performed in two independent wave tank facilities; both of them are equipped with a wavemaker and a pump for generating a current propagating in the opposite direction with respect to the waves. The experimental results support a recent conjecture based on a current-modified Nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation which establishes that rogue waves can be triggered by non-homogeneous current characterized by a negative horizontal velocity gradient.