Superluminal Waves and the Structure of Pulsar Wind Termination Shocks

TL;DR

This paper explores how a superluminal electromagnetic wave in pulsar winds can resolve the sigma problem by acting as a precursor to the termination shock, bridging the gap between Poynting-dominated and particle-dominated flows.

Contribution

It proposes a novel solution involving a striped wind converting into a superluminal wave, explaining the transition in pulsar wind magnetization.

Findings

The superluminal wave slows and stabilizes ram pressure at large radii.

The wave acts as a precursor to the termination shock.

Qualitative discussion of damping mechanisms.

Abstract

The termination shock of a pulsar wind is located roughly where the ram pressure matches that of the surrounding medium. Downstream of the shock, MHD models of the diffuse nebular emission suggest the plasma is weakly magnetized. However, the transition from a Poynting-dominated MHD wind to a particle-dominated flow is not well understood. We discuss a solution of this "sigma problem" in which a striped wind converts into a strong, superluminal electromagnetic wave. This mode slows down as it propagates radially, and its ram pressure tends to a constant value at large radius, a property we use to match the solution to the surrounding nebula. The wave thus forms a pre-cursor to the termination shock, which occurs at the point where the wave dissipates. Possible damping and dissipation mechanisms are discussed qualitatively.