Positive Links

TL;DR

This paper characterizes links that bound disjoint, nullhomologous disks in positive-definite 4-manifolds, introduces new obstructions using signature and polynomial invariants, and explores implications for 3-manifold bounding problems.

Contribution

It provides a complete characterization of links slice in connected sums of CP(2)s using ribbon moves and a new operation, adding to the understanding of 4-manifold link slicing.

Findings

Characterization of slice links via ribbon moves and positive crossing addition.

Obstructions from Levine-Tristram signatures, Sato-Levine, and Milnor invariants.

Coefficients of the Conway polynomial obstruct sliceness in a single punctured CP(2).

Abstract

Given a link L in the 3-sphere, we ask whether the components of L bound disjoint, nullhomologous disks properly embedded in a simply-connected positive-definite smooth 4-manifold; the knot case has been studied extensively in work of Cochran-Harvey-Horn. Such a 4-manifold is necessarily homeomorphic to a (punctured) connected sum of CP(2)'s. We characterize all links that are slice in a (punctured) connected sum of CP(2)'s in terms of ribbon moves and an operation which we call adding a generalized positive crossing. We find obstructions in the form of the Levine-Tristram signature function, the signs of the first author's generalized Sato-Levine invariants, and certain Milnor's invariants. We show that the signs of coefficients of the Conway polynomial obstruct a 2-component link from being slice in a single punctured CP(2) and conjecture these are obstructions in general. These results have applications to the question of when a 3-manifold bounds a 4-manifold whose intersection form is that of some connected sum of CP(2)'s. For example, we show that any homology 3-sphere is cobordant, via a smooth positive definite manifold, to a connected sum of surgeries on knots in the 3-sphere.