SASI Activity in Three-Dimensional Neutrino-Hydrodynamics Simulations of Supernova Cores

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) can develop vigorously in 3D supernova core simulations with detailed neutrino transport, challenging previous assumptions about the dominance of neutrino-driven convection.

Contribution

First 3D simulations with detailed neutrino transport show violent SASI activity in supernova cores, highlighting its significance alongside convection.

Findings

SASI can develop in 3D with detailed neutrino transport.

SASI amplitudes can surpass those in 2D simulations.

SASI growth is favored in fast accretion, small shock radii, and compact proto-neutron stars.

Abstract

The relevance of the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) compared to neutrino-driven convection in three-dimensional (3D) supernova-core environments is still highly controversial. Studying a 27 Msun progenitor, we demonstrate, for the first time, that violent SASI activity can develop in 3D simulations with detailed neutrino transport despite the presence of convection. This result was obtained with the Prometheus-Vertex code with the same sophisticated neutrino treatment so far used only in 1D and 2D models. While buoyant plumes initially determine the nonradial mass motions in the postshock layer, bipolar shock sloshing with growing amplitude sets in during a phase of shock retraction and turns into a violent spiral mode whose growth is only quenched when the infall of the Si/SiO interface leads to strong shock expansion in response to a dramatic decrease of the mass accretion rate. In the phase of large-amplitude SASI sloshing and spiral motions, the postshock layer exhibits nonradial deformation dominated by the lowest-order spherical harmonics (l=1, m=0,-1,+1) in distinct contrast to the higher multipole structures associated with neutrino-driven convection. We find that the SASI amplitudes, shock asymmetry, and nonradial kinetic energy in 3D can exceed those of the corresponding 2D case during extended periods of the evolution. We also perform parametrized 3D simulations of a 25 Msun progenitor, using a simplified, gray neutrino transport scheme, an axis-free Yin-Yang grid, and different amplitudes of random seed perturbations. They confirm the importance of the SASI for another progenitor, its independence of the choice of spherical grid, and its preferred growth for fast accretion flows connected to small shock radii and compact proto-neutron stars as previously found in 2D setups.