On Titchmarsh-Weyl functions and eigenfunction expansions of first-order symmetric systems

TL;DR

This paper develops a framework for analyzing first-order symmetric systems using Titchmarsh-Weyl functions, defining boundary conditions, and establishing spectral theory, extending classical results to more general systems.

Contribution

It introduces a Nevanlinna boundary parameter for non-Hamiltonian systems, constructs associated m-functions, and parametrizes spectral functions via boundary conditions.

Findings

Defined self-adjoint boundary conditions using Nevanlinna parameters.

Constructed m-functions as analogs of Titchmarsh-Weyl coefficients.

Parametrized spectral functions in terms of boundary parameters.

Abstract

We study general (not necessarily Hamiltonian) first-order symmetric systems $J y'(t)-B(t)y(t)=\D(t) f(t)$ on an interval $\cI=[a,b> $ with the regular endpoint $a$. It is assumed that the deficiency indices $n_\pm(\Tmi)$ of the minimal relation $\Tmi$ in $\LI$ satisfy $n_-(\Tmi)\leq n_+(\Tmi)$. By using a Nevanlinna boundary parameter $\tau=\tau(\l)$ at the singular endpoint $b$ we define self-adjoint and $\l$-depending Nevanlinna boundary conditions which are analogs of separated self-adjoint boundary conditions for Hamiltonian systems. With a boundary value problem involving such conditions we associate the $m$-function $m(\cd)$, which is an analog of the Titchmarsh-Weyl coefficient for the Hamiltonian system. By using $m$-function we obtain the Fourier transform $V:\LI\to L^2(\Si)$ with the spectral function $\Si(\cd)$ of the minimally possible dimension. If $V$ is an isometry, then the (exit space) self-adjoint extension $\wt T$ of $\Tmi$ induced by the boundary problem is unitarily equivalent to the multiplication operator in $L^2(\Si)$; hence the spectrum of $\wt T$ is defined by the spectral function $\Si(\cd)$. We show that all the objects of the boundary problem are determined by the parameter $\tau$, which enables us to parametrize all spectral function $\Si(\cd) $ immediately in terms of $\tau$. Similar results for various classes of boundary problems were obtained by Kac and Krein, Fulton, Hinton and Shaw and other authors.