Recent variability of the solar spectral irradiance and its impact on climate modelling

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent findings on solar spectral irradiance variability, especially from SORCE satellite data, and examines its significant impact on Earth's climate through direct and indirect atmospheric effects, using climate models.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive comparison of SSI measurements and models, and investigates their effects on climate using coordinated chemistry-climate model simulations.

Findings

SSI variability is stronger in UV than previously thought

SSI changes significantly affect stratospheric temperature and ozone

Model simulations show notable climate impacts from SSI variability

Abstract

The lack of long and reliable time series of solar spectral irradiance (SSI) measurements makes an accurate quantification of solar contributions to recent climate change difficult. Whereas earlier SSI observations and models provided a qualitatively consistent picture of the SSI variability, recent measurements by the SORCE satellite suggest a significantly stronger variability in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral range and changes in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) bands in anti-phase with the solar cycle. A number of recent chemistry-climate model (CCM) simulations have shown that this might have significant implications on the Earth's atmosphere. Motivated by these results, we summarize here our current knowledge of SSI variability and its impact on Earth's climate. We present a detailed overview of existing SSI measurements and provide thorough comparison of models available to date. SSI changes influence the Earth's atmosphere, both directly, through changes in shortwave (SW) heating and therefore, temperature and ozone distributions in the stratosphere, and indirectly, through dynamical feedbacks. We investigate these direct and indirect effects using several state-of-the art CCM simulations forced with measured and modeled SSI changes. A unique asset of this study is the use of a common comprehensive approach for an issue that is usually addressed separately by different communities. Omissis. Finally, we discuss the reliability of the available data and we propose additional coordinated work, first to build composite SSI datasets out of scattered observations and to refine current SSI models, and second, to run coordinated CCM experiments.