Extending the parking space

TL;DR

This paper extends the symmetric group action on parking functions to a larger group, constructing a new module with detailed character descriptions and generalizations involving bivariate and Fuss parameters.

Contribution

It constructs an $S_{n+1}$-module extending the $S_n$-action on parking functions and provides explicit Frobenius character formulas, including bivariate and Fuss generalizations.

Findings

Constructed a graded $S_{n+1}$-module $V_n$ extending the parking function action.

Described Frobenius characters of $V_n$ in all degrees.

Introduced a bivariate generalization $V_n^{(\, ext{ell, m)}}$ with connections to Dyck paths.

Abstract

The action of the symmetric group $S_n$ on the set $Park_n$ of parking functions of size $n$ has received a great deal of attention in algebraic combinatorics. We prove that the action of $S_n$ on $Park_n$ extends to an action of $S_{n+1}$. More precisely, we construct a graded $S_{n+1}$-module $V_n$ such that the restriction of $V_n$ to $S_n$ is isomorphic to $Park_n$. We describe the $S_n$-Frobenius characters of the module $V_n$ in all degrees and describe the $S_{n+1}$-Frobenius characters of $V_n$ in extreme degrees. We give a bivariate generalization $V_n^{(\ell, m)}$ of our module $V_n$ whose representation theory is governed by a bivariate generalization of Dyck paths. A Fuss generalization of our results is a special case of this bivariate generalization.