Study of local regularities in the solar wind data and ground magnetograms

TL;DR

This paper investigates local regularities in solar wind data and ground magnetograms using wavelet transforms, proposing new methods for analyzing space weather disturbances and potential real-time forecasting.

Contribution

It introduces the effectiveness wavelet coefficient (EWC) methodology and demonstrates its utility alongside DWT in characterizing solar wind and geomagnetic fluctuations.

Findings

DWT coefficients correlate with shock and sheath regions in solar wind data.

EWC effectively verifies disturbed magnetic fields.

Techniques show promise for real-time space weather analysis.

Abstract

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) can reach the Earth's magnetosphere causing magnetic disturbances. It can be measured by satellite and ground-based magnetometers. Data from the ACE satellite and from the geomagnetic field was explored here via discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The increase of wavelet coefficient amplitudes of the solar wind parameters and geomagnetic field data analysis are well-correlated with the arrival of the shock and sheath region. As an auxiliary tool to verify the disturbed magnetic fields identified by the DWT, we developed a new approach called effectiveness wavelet coefficient (EWC) methodology. The first interpretation of the results suggests that DWT and EWC can be effectively used to characterize the fluctuations on the solar wind parameters and its contributions to the geomagnetic field. Further, these techniques could be implemented to real-time analysis for forecast space weather scenarios.