Arc Statistics
M. Meneghetti, M. Bartelmann, H. Dahle, M Limousin

TL;DR
This paper reviews the development of arc statistics in galaxy clusters, discussing its potential as a cosmological tool, recent advancements, and future prospects amid ongoing debates and new observations.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive review of arc statistics, highlighting recent progress, challenges, and the potential for future improvements in using it as a cosmological probe.
Findings
Arc statistics helps trace structure formation.
Recent observations challenge previous models.
Upcoming surveys may enhance its cosmological utility.
Abstract
The existence of an arc statistics problem was at the center of a strong debate in the last fifteen years. With the aim to clarify if the optical depth for giant gravitational arcs by galaxy clusters in the so called concordance model is compatible with observations, several studies were carried out which helped to significantly improve our knowledge of strong lensing clusters, unveiling their extremely complex internal structure. In particular, the abundance and the frequency of strong lensing events like gravitational arcs turned out to be a potentially very powerful tool to trace the structure formation. However, given the limited size of observational and theoretical data-sets, the power of arc statistics as a cosmological tool has been only minimally exploited so far. On the other hand, the last years were characterized by significant advancements in the field, and several cluster…
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