The forward particle production in the energy range of 1 PeV as seen with the Tibet hybrid experiment

TL;DR

This paper reports on measurements of cosmic-ray air shower cores at around 10^15 eV energy using the Tibet hybrid experiment, comparing data with Monte Carlo model predictions to study particle production.

Contribution

It presents new observational data on air shower cores at PeV energies and compares these with MC models, enhancing understanding of cosmic-ray interactions.

Findings

Agreement and discrepancies between data and MC models

Electromagnetic spectrum characterization of air shower cores

Insights into particle production at PeV energies

Abstract

We are now operating the 500 m2 Yangbajing air-shower core (YAC-II) array near the center of the Tibet air-shower array (Tibet-III) to observe cosmic-ray chemical composition at the knee energy region since February 2011. The first step of YAC, called YAC-I, containing 16 detector units, was operated from May, 2009 to February, 2010. In this paper, we used the YAC-I and Tibet-III coincident data set obtained from May, 2009 through January, 2010 to present the electromagnetic spectrum of air shower cores at around 1015 eV energy region. The effective live time is calculated as 100.5 days. We would like to report the comparison of our experimental data with MC model prediction in this paper.