Quantum Junction Plasmons in Graphene Dimers

TL;DR

This paper investigates quantum effects in plasmonic interactions between doped graphene nanoislands connected by narrow junctions, revealing three regimes of interaction with distinct plasmonic behaviors based on junction width.

Contribution

It provides ab initio predictions of quantum plasmonic regimes in graphene dimers, highlighting the transition from classical to quantum behavior as junction width varies.

Findings

Narrow junctions exhibit bonding dipolar dimer modes similar to classical models.

Intermediate junctions induce a novel junction plasmon absent in classical descriptions.

Wide junctions support charge-transfer plasmons consistent with classical physics.

Abstract

The interaction between doped graphene nanoislands connected by narrow junctions constitutes an ideal testbed to probe quantum effects in plasmonic systems. Here, the interaction between graphene plasmons in neighboring nanoislands is predicted to be extremely sensitive to the size and shape of the junctions. The reported {\it ab initio} calculations reveal three different regimes of interaction: (1) for narrow bridges ($<4$ carbon-atom rows), the conductance of the junction is too low to allow electron transport and the optical response is dominated by a characteristic bonding dipolar dimer mode that also appears in a classical description; (2) for wider junctions (4-8 carbon rows), a strong charge polarization is induced across the junction, which gives rise to a novel {\it junction plasmon} that has no counterpart in a classical description; (3) for even wider junctions ($\ge8$ rows), their conductance is sufficiently large to allow charge transport between the two graphene islands, resulting in a pronounced charge-transfer plasmon, which can also be described classically. This work opens a new path for the investigation of intrinsic plasmon quantum effects.