Minimal zero-sum sequences of length four over finite cyclic groups II

TL;DR

This paper proves that minimal zero-sum sequences of length four over certain finite cyclic groups have index 1, confirming a conjecture for groups with order as a product of two prime powers or a prime power.

Contribution

It extends previous results by showing the index is 1 for minimal zero-sum sequences over cyclic groups with order as a product of two prime powers, when gcd with 6 is 1.

Findings

Confirms the index is 1 for sequences over groups with order as a product of two primes.

Extends previous results to broader classes of cyclic groups.

Supports the conjecture for groups with order as a prime power.

Abstract

Let $G$ be a finite cyclic group. Every sequence $S$ over $G$ can be written in the form $S=(n_1g)\cdot\ldots\cdot(n_lg)$ where $g\in G$ and $n_1, \ldots, n_l\in[1, \ord(g)]$, and the index $\ind(S)$ of $S$ is defined to be the minimum of $(n_1+\cdots+n_l)/\ord(g)$ over all possible $g\in G$ such that $\langle g \rangle =G$. An open problem on the index of length four sequences asks whether or not every minimal zero-sum sequence of length 4 over a finite cyclic group $G$ with $\gcd(|G|, 6)=1$ has index 1. In this paper, we show that if $G=\langle g\rangle$ is a cyclic group with order of a product of two prime powers and $\gcd(|G|, 6)=1$, then every minimal zero-sum sequence $S$ of the form $S=(g)(n_2g)(n_3g)(n_4g)$ has index 1. In particular, our result confirms that the above problem has an affirmative answer when the order of $G$ is a product of two different prime numbers or a prime power, extending a recent result by the first author, Plyley, Yuan and Zeng.