TL;DR
This paper reviews the current understanding of neutrino flavor conversion in astrophysical environments and discusses its significance for interpreting neutrino signals from cosmic sources.
Contribution
It summarizes the state of knowledge on neutrino flavor conversion in media and highlights its importance for astrophysical observations and future discoveries.
Findings
Neutrino fluxes encode information about their sources.
Flavor conversion affects neutrino signals in astrophysical media.
Astrophysical neutrinos have revealed fundamental properties.
Abstract
Neutrinos of astrophysical origin are messengers produced in stars, in explosive phenomena like core-collapse supernovae, in the accretion disks around black holes, or in the Earth's atmosphere. Their fluxes and spectra encode information on the environments that produce them. Such fluxes are modified in characteristic ways when neutrinos traverse a medium. Here our current understanding of neutrino flavour conversion in media is summarized. The importance of this domain for astrophysical observations is emphasized. Examples are given of the fundamental properties that astrophysical neutrinos have uncovered, or might reveal in the future.
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