An Interacting Galaxy System Along a Filament in a Void

TL;DR

This paper studies a unique system of three interacting galaxies within a cosmic void, revealing filamentary structures, gas accretion, and diverse star formation activities, challenging assumptions about galaxy evolution in low-density environments.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed observation of a filamentary galaxy system inside a void, highlighting dynamic galaxy growth and interactions in such environments.

Findings

Discovery of a filamentary galaxy system in a void

Evidence of cold gas accretion from intergalactic filaments

Differential star formation activity in galaxy features

Abstract

Cosmological voids provide a unique environment for the study of galaxy formation and evolution. The galaxy population in their interior have significantly different properties than average field galaxies. As part of our Void Galaxy Survey (VGS), we have found a system of three interacting galaxies (VGS_31) inside a large void. VGS_31 is a small elongated group whose members are embedded in a common HI envelope. The HI picture suggests a filamentary structure with accretion of intergalactic cold gas from the filament onto the galaxies. We present deep optical and narrow band H_alpha data, optical spectroscopy, near-UV and far-UV GALEX and CO(1-0) data. We find that one of the galaxies, a Markarian object, has a ring-like structure and a tail evident both in optical and HI. While all three galaxies form stars in their central parts, the tail and the ring of the Markarian object are devoid of star formation. We discuss these findings in terms of a gravitational interaction and ongoing growth of galaxies out of a filament. VGS_31 is one of the first observed examples of a filamentary structure in a void. It is an important prototype for understanding the formation of substructure in a void. This system also shows that the galaxy evolution in voids can be as dynamic as in high density environments.