Role of genetic polymorphisms in transgenerational inheritance in budding yeast

TL;DR

This study investigates how genetic polymorphisms influence transgenerational inheritance in yeast, revealing natural selection patterns, effects on trait inheritance, and links to gene expression, with implications for understanding complex traits.

Contribution

It demonstrates the impact of minor alleles on trait inheritance and epigenetic memory in yeast, highlighting their role in natural selection and complex trait heritability.

Findings

High minor allele content shortens lag phase after ethanol training.

Minor allele content is linked to gene expression variations.

Traits with many QTLs are more affected by minor allele content.

Abstract

Transgenerational inheritance of a trait is presumably affected by both genetic and environmental factors but remains poorly understood. We studied the effect of genetic polymorphisms on transgenerational inheritance of yeast segregants that were derived from a cross between a laboratory strain and a wild strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For each SNP analyzed, the parental allele present in less than half of the segregants panel was called the minor allele (MA). We found a nonrandom distribution of MAs in the segregants, indicating natural selection. We compared segregants with high MA content (MAC) relative to those with less and found a more dramatic shortening of the lag phase length for the high MAC group in response to 14 days of ethanol training. Also, the short lag phase as acquired and epigenetically memorized by ethanol training was more dramatically lost after 7 days of recovery in ethanol free medium for the high MAC group. Sodium chloride treatment produced similar observations. Using public datasets, we found MAC linkage to mRNA expression of hundreds of genes. Finally, we found preferential effect of MAC on traits with high number of known additive quantitative trait loci (QTLs). These results provide evidence for the slightly deleterious nature of most MAs and a lower capacity to maintain inheritance of traits in individuals or cells with greater MAC, which have implications for disease prevention and treatment and the "missing heritability" problem in complex traits and diseases.