Fluctuation-electromagnetic interaction of a small particle with evanescent modes of the surface: impact of translational motion and rotation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the fluctuation-electromagnetic forces, heat flux, and torque on a small rotating particle moving near a surface, considering temperature differences and nonrelativistic velocities, based on fluctuation-electromagnetic theory.

Contribution

It provides detailed calculations of electromagnetic interactions involving a moving, rotating particle near a surface, including effects of temperature differences and motion.

Findings

Calculated tangential and normal forces on the particle

Determined radiation heat flux between particle and surface

Analyzed frictional torque on the rotating particle

Abstract

Based on the fluctuation-electromagnetic theory, we have calculated tangential (frictional) and normal forces, radiation heat flux and frictional torque on a small rotating particle moving at a nonrelativistic velocity close to a smooth featureless surface. The particle and surface are characterized by different temperatures corresponding to the local thermodynamic equilibrium in their own reference frames.